Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview

The term "autism" is often used most commonly usedmeaning that it does not get worse in time.
to describe any one of the 5 different types ofThe 5 types of pervasive developmental disorders
pervasive developmental disorders. These pervasiveinclude:
developmental disorders are collectively known as1. Autism. Autism's symptoms can be recognized
"autism spectrum disorders." There are many theoriesbefore a child turns 3-years-old. However, it may be
about how these disorders relate to one another.diagnosed much later than this. If your child is
While some researchers believe that they are alldiagnosed with autism he will have difficulty making or
separate disorders with similar symptoms, othermaintaining eye contact, have disturbances in his social
researchers say that there is a "spectrum" of severityfunctioning and be overwhelmingly absorbed with
that ranges from extremely mild to incapacitating. In thehimself.
most severe cases of autism, the one inflicted will not2. Asperger Syndrome. Asperger Syndrome is similar
be able to function and live independently.to autism in that it tends to show up before your child
Autism is a chronic brain disorder that manifests inturns 3 years old. However, your child will be able to
developmental difficulties in the areas of socialfunction at a higher level than an autistic child. Your
interaction, verbal skills and communication. If your childchild can still have difficulties with social functioning,
is autistic, he is likely to have repetitive and narrowcommunication and speech. He will also be easily
interests. In addition, he finds it hard to cope withabsorbed with narrowly defined interests. But with
changes in schedules and environment. He can reactsome therapy and help, most asperger children are
violently when any changes occur or if there is aable to live independently when they get older.
disruption to his normal schedule.3. Rex syndrome. Some doctors would argue that
Unfortunately, it is not known what causes autism butRex syndrome is not a type of autism. However, there
some scientists and researchers believe that it is aare still doctors who do think that this is a form of
genetic abnormality. Yet others say that it is causedautism. This syndrome almost exclusively afflicts girls.
by an injury to the brain or exposure to anUsually your child will develop normally for 6 to 18
environmental toxin. This can be supported by the factmonths and then show a remarkable loss of skills in
that in some population areas, autism is at higher ratessuch areas as speech and the ability to control her
of incidence than it is elsewhere.hands and her feet. This syndrome can be tested for
You may start observing some odd developmentalwith an 80% accuracy rate.
problems of your child between the ages of 12 and 364. Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD). CDD takes
months old. It may be that your child is not hitting someplace a little later. It happens after your child turns 2 to
milestones with underdeveloped or delay in speech4 years before showing a marked degeneration in his
and communication skills. You may also begin to noticesocial, physical, mental and verbal skills. This long period
that his social interactions are poor. However, if yourof normal development below the age of 2 is what
child only has mild autism, you may not be able tomakes the difference between autism and CDD.
detect that anything is wrong until he enters school. In5. Pervasive developmental disorder. Your child is
some cases, your child may go undiagnosed until hediagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder if
reaches middle school, which is when social andhe is found to have impairments in social interaction,
communication skills become more important.stereotyped behavior and communication. However,
If you have an autistic child, you may fear that histhis disorder would only apply if he is not within any of
disorder may worsen over the years. However,the above other 4 mentioned categories.
research shows that autism is non-progressive,