Children's Health - Brain Development Disorder - Definition and Types

I. Definitioncommunication skills.
A neurodevelopmental disorder is defined as an15. Nonverbal learning disorder
impairment of the growth and development of theThe problems of the nonverbal learning disorder are
central nervous system. It effects the child's brainnot speech and memory, they may seem normal
function in controlling emotion, learning ability andwhen they talk and understand what they hear, but in
memory as well as social interaction. Today, one in sixabstracted thinking such as non-verbal problem-solving,
children is diagnosed with some forms of developmentdaily change of routine and social skills.
and behaviour disorder. It is advised for parent to have16. Traumatic brain injury
their child diagnosed early, if they found that their childTraumatic brain injury normally caused by physical
is withdrawing from social world, failing to learn theimpacts such as car accident or lack of oxygen
basic communication skill or struggle with emotionalcirculated in their body for a certain amount of time
regulation, etc.. otherwise, a child may be at risk ofthat damage certain areas of the brain in controlling
becoming serious lifelong disability.speech, thinking, behaviour and social skills.
17. Fragile X syndrome
1. Autism disorderFragile X syndrome is defined as a genetic defect.
Autism is one most common form of brainChildren with this syndrome have difficult to control the
development disorder and one in 166 child is diagnosedphysical, intellectual, emotional and behavioural aspects
with some forms of autism. It is defined as medicalin their daily activity as resulting of inherited cause of
condition in which a child has some of the followingmental retardation.
impairmentsa) Speechb) Social and communication18. Tuberous sclerosis
skillsc) Limited interestd) Repetitive behaviourThis another type of genetic disease, which causes
2. Asperger syndrometumor to be growth in the brain and other organ,
Children with Asperger syndrome has no problem withleading to seizure, delay development, behaviour
speech development, but have very poor social andproblem and sometimes mental retardation.
communication skills. they may talk a lot, but fail to19. William syndrome
focus and keep up with the subject. they also have aWilliam syndrome is a genetic defect, caused by a
very narrow interest as they may talk about only onedeletion of about 26 genes from the long arm of
single subject for months or years. Some children withchromosome. Children with William syndrome appear
Asperger syndrome may also engage in repetitiveto have unusual language skill and eager for social
behaviour such as flagging hand.interaction, but can also be mental retardation and
3. Pervasive Development disorderheart problems.
Children who have developed some or mild forms of20. Angelman syndrome
autism are considered to have pervasive developmentThis is a condition caused by deletion or inactivation of
disorder. Although some symptoms or important signsgenes on the maternally inherited chromosome 15.
of autism are missing, they are likely to diagnoses withChildren with this type of syndrome have severe
autism or Asperger syndrome later in their life.mental retardation that effect their intellectual and
4. Rett Syndromeinterfere with normal development. The syndrome also
Rett syndrome effects mostly girl, is defined as aaccompanies with unexplained smiling and laughing.
condition of which children lose social and21. Prader-Willi syndrome
communication skills as well as purposely use of theirPrader-Will syndrome is also another genetic defect
hand. It may also accompany with symptoms of handcaused by missing or partial missing of the seven
repetitive and seizures.genes on chromosome 15. Children who was born with
5. Childhood integrative disorderPrader-Willi syndrome have delay development and
Children with childhood integrative disorder mayfeeding difficulty in infancy and develop compulsive
gradually lose their language, social communication andeating and food obsession after age one.
self help skills between the period of 2 -4 years old.22. Phenylketonuria
6. Sensory integration dysfunctionPhenylketonuria is a genetically metabolic disorder
Sensory integration dysfunction is a condition of whichcaused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase,
a child fails to react to the information collected fromleading to accumulation of phenylalanine, interfering with
the scene, caused by abnormal brain function indevelopment of the brain, causing severe brain
processing information. Typically, most children withdamage, mental retardation if it is not controlled by a
sensory integration syndrome may be under sensitivespecial diet in their early life.
in reaction to pain or noise or over sensitive in reaction23. Early-onset childhood bipolar disorder
to certain environments such as noise, bright light orIt is also known as manic-depression. Children who are
often both.diagnosed with this disorder have symptoms of
7. Auditory processing disorderfrequent mood swing, alternate thinking and behaviour .
Auditory processing disorder is defined as damaging of24. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
the neurological structures and pathways of soundObsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized as a
perception, therefore children with this disorder are ablechildren life is disrupted by unwanted, unnecessary and
to hear sounds but have trouble to interpret what theyrepetitive thought, as well as an overwhelming need to
hear.do certain thing compulsively such as washing their
8. Expressive language disorderhand many times a day, drinking a cup water before
This is defined as a condition of which the childrenleaving home, etc.
have a limited vocabulary and difficulty in recalling25. Generalized anxiety disorder
words or expressing themselves by using complexIt is a kind of anxiety disorder. Children with generalized
sentences.anxiety disorder always worry about something,
9. Speech apraxiarestlessness and fear without reason.
It is caused by the broken down of the inter-reaction26. Selective mutism
between the brain in controlling the speech musclesSelective mutism is defined as another type of anxiety
during speech. Children with speech appraxia knowin which a child who is normally capable of speech is
what they want to say, but can not speak throughunable to speak or becomes silent in certain situations
their voice and their words are difficult to understand.or in front of specific people.
10. Attention deficit hyperactivity27. Oppositional defiant disorder
ADHD is defined as psychological condition of which aOppositional defiant disorder is defined as an ongoing
child has a poor attention skill, impulsive behavior andpattern of uncooperative, disobedient, hostile and
hyper-activity. The symptoms may appear to bedefiant behaviour toward parent and authority.
innocent but annoying nuisances to other children. It28. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder
effects between 3-5% of children globally and most ofassociation with streptococcal infection ( PANDAS)
them are diagnosed later in their childhood life.It is defined as a condition in which the immune system
11. Attention deficit disorderattack the child central nervous system, leading to
Unlike ADHD, children with attention deficit disorder arebehaviour, thinking and movement problems.
diagnosed only with symptoms of poor attention skill29. Reactive attachment disorder
and impulsive behaviour. Although, the symptoms mayReactive attachment disorder is defined as an
appear only annoying to other children, it can inflict theinappropriate social behaviour caused by severe early
learning ability of the children in the class.experiences of neglect, abuse of parent or caregivers
12. Mental retardationbetween the ages of six months and three years.
Metal retardation is considered as a generalized30. Schizophrenia
disorder. Children with mental retardation normally fail toSchizophrenia is described as a mental disorder
adapt or adjust to another type of behaviour orcharacterized by abnormalities in the perception or
situation. They also have a below average IQ ( 70 orexpression of reality caused by inability of a child to
lower) and difficulty in performing routine activity.cope with the change in the internal or external
13. Hearing impairmentenvironment, leading to hallucination and delusion.
Hearing impairment is characterized as a child have aTo read more of above subject or Autism, please visit
reduce of the ability to detect or understand sounds.
Since the children can not hear well, it may interfereFor series of Infertility Articles, please visit
with normal progress of social and communication skillsAll rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must
causing disruptive behaviour.have the author name and all the links intact. "Let You
14. Seizure disorder (Epilepsy)Be With Your Health, Let Your Health Be With You"
Since the normal function of neurons is to generateKyle J. Norton I have been studying natural remedies
electrochemical impulses to act on other neurons,for disease prevention for over 20 years and working
glands, and muscles to produce human thoughts, theas a financial consultant since 1990. Master degree in
damage or abnormal function of neurons in case ofMathematics, teaching and tutoring math at colleges
seizure disorder interferes with sensations, emotions,and universities before joining insurance industries. Part
and behavior, resulting in delay or loss of social andtime Health, Insurance and Entertainment Article Writer.