Powering Up Your Brain As You Get Older

">lapses and what constitutes normal mental ageing and
what is impending Alzheimer’s, Science cannot
Want to stay mentally fit as you age?  Brainyet tell for sure.  But there seems to be a distinct
specialists say that simple physical and mentaldifference.
exercise is the answer to stay mentally sharp as youA healthy brain is a bushy one. Branchlike tentacles
get older.extend from the ends of brain cells, enabling them to
When our memory is affected by the ageing process,communicate with each other.  The more you learn,
some people’s brains compensate to staythe more those connections form.  Alzheimer’s
sharp.  Now, scientists want to find how thosekills neurons, so the cells disappear along with
brains  do that so that they can help everyone elseconnections their neighbours need.  According to Dr
stay sharp.Carol Barnes of the University of Arizona, with normal
New research is showing that memory and other brainageing, the cells do not die but their bushes can shrivel
functions decline even in otherwise healthy people asto skinny twigs.  Cells that are less connected have a
they age, as anyone who habitually misplaces carharder time sending messages.  Moreover,
keys have suspected.  This is not Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s seems to target first a different
disease but the process of wear and tear in the brainsspot in the hippocampus, the brain’s memory
due to normal ageing.centre, from where ageing does.
If you are 65 years old today, chances are good thatThere are two fronts that we can fight back.
you will continue to live to 83 and beyond.  A newSome brains are capable of withstanding a lot of
problem arises.  How do you protect the brain frompunishment from Alzheimer’s but the patients
the ravages of time? A very important question as theshow little tell-tale signs of it’s symptoms.  This
population greys and improvements in healthcareis known as “cognitive reserve” and autopsy
means people who are 50 today are expected to livestudies have found between 20 and 40 percent of
for another 40 years.elders who displayed no confusion actually had brains
“I don’t think we’ve recognised, asriddled with Alzheimer’s trademark plagues.
scientists or a society, (that) this is the front-and-centerBrain scans show younger people tend to use
public health issue we face as a nation.”  Dr Denisedifferent neural networks than older people when
Park, director of the University of Illinois’ Centerperforming the same task.  Compensation is how the
for Healthy Minds, told fellow brain specialistsbrain adapts when old pathways can no longer
assembled by the United States governmentfunction, to reroute itself and use an alternative route.
recently.  “We need to understand how to deferScientist agree that physical exercise is the best
normal cognitive ageing, the way we’veproven remedy to stave off the ageing process.   In
invested in fighting heart disease and cancer.”.fact when 70-year olds started a walking programme
There are intriguing clues, gleaned from discoveriesthree days a week, and sophisticated scans showed
that some older people’s brains literally worktheir brains’ activity patterns started resembling
around ageing’s damage, making newthose of younger people.
pathways when old ones disintegrates.It has also been shown that people with higher
“It’s not just fanciful or pie-in-the-sky” to tryeducation, more challenging occupations and enriched
harnessing that ability, said Dr Richard Hodes, directorsocial lives build more cognitive reserve than couch
of the National Institute on Aging, which organized thepotatoes.  This is what is known as the
meeting to seek advice on the most promising“use-it-or-lose-it” theory.
research.What about medication?  Scientists are studying if an
On top of the list that scientist have found has workold blood pressure drug called guanfacine can work
for memory and mental sharpness is simple physicalfor children with attention deficit disorder.  It works in
exercise.  It appears to be as good for the brain as itthe same brain region, the prefrontal cortex, where
is good for the body.  Other options that have yieldedelder brains forge new networks.  “If it works in a
promising results include brain-training games tosix-year-old, we hope it will work in the elderly”, said
medications that may keep brain networks betterYale University neurobiologist Amy Arnsten. 
connected. But why wait for the results to be out, you can start
For older folks who worry about periodic memorytraining your brain today.