When Trauma Strikes Children - What Teachers and Counselors Should and Should Not Do

Since Hurricane Katrina, we have had a lot of requestsno easy, one-size-fits-all answer to give. However, do
to reprint this article, first published immediately after 9increase supervision, be ready for deterioration, monitor
11. For more information on serving children in tragedy,medications, and be alert for substance abuse and
visit this page on our site for an extended version ofother problematic "coping" methods. Use the strategies
this article. The information below was intended to helpnoted above for young children, as appropriate. Be
children after the 9/11 tragedy, but will be of help onceespecially tuned into thought-disordered and severely
again to children facing the pain of the recentdepressed youth who so often seriously deteriorate
hurricanes...when the world seems far scarier or sadder than
Tuesday was a terrible day for the United States.usual. Watch for self-harm. Any child who has lived
Youth Change Workshops extends it's sympathy towith abuse or other horrible circumstances can be
those of you who have lost loved ones in this tragedy.expected to "over-personalize" the situation and
As tough as Tuesday was for adults, it can be even"over-react." Be tolerant of these reactions; given the
tougher for children. There is no magic formula forchild's pre-existing challenges, these are "normal"
assisting children to cope with events that all of usreactions to abnormal times.
struggle to understand and manage, but here areGENERAL DO'S and DON'T'S
some basis "do's" and "don'ts" to help guide you to1. BE FLEXIBLE: Be willing to put aside scheduled
best aid the young people in your world.activities to help kids manage the tragedy-- whether it's
SPECIAL POPULATIONS TO NOTICE:"your job" or not to do so. You can't learn or do other
1. Younger Childrenactivities when profoundly worried, frightened or
Younger children, about ages 5-8, can sometimesdistracted and neither can kids.
understand more than they can process. Many children2. REASSURE: Talk about other challenges that this
under age 5 or so, will probably be somewhat sparedcountry has faced and how the country surmounted
the brunt of the impact. The abstract concept of deaththem. For example, if you remember President
may somewhat elude them, for example. Children whoKennedy's assassination, talk about how scary that felt
are a bit older may clearly comprehend many aspectsto you and how the country overcame the crisis.
of Tuesday's events, but have little ability to manage3. RELATE: Give specific details from your childhood,
the feelings that arise. This age group may besuch your reaction to the JFK assassination, to show
especially expected to have nightmares, somatichow today's children can overcome today's trauma.
complaints, sleeping problems, or more difficulty than4. BE HONEST, BUT CONCISE: Convey information at
normal with both everyday and stressful situations.an age-appropriate level, but keep it brief, and don't
Do not maintain customary expectations for coping.unnecessarily add scary details. Don't sugar-coat it;
For example: be more tolerant of somatic complaintseven kindergartners can read your vibes.
and especially avoid comments like "But you can5. LIMIT EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE: Do not allow
normally be sleep alone!" Provide increased level ofchildren and teens to watch the news nonstop. Be
nurturing and contact. Most important: assist withespecially thoughtful about their exposure to violent
coping skills. To do so, make fears concrete andmovies, books, games, etc. during this time, especially
manageable. Example: "It's normal to have troublenear bed time or when they must concentrate on
sleeping alone after a scary thing happens." Teach thelearning or another task.
child to limit the time spent thinking about the scary6. STRIVE FOR EVENTUAL CLOSURE: No one really
things, and show the child how to distract himself orcan make sense out of Tuesday, but eventually you
herself. Encourage verbalizing concerns, and modelmay want to help give a sense of closure as best you
that with sentences like "I was scared too when I sawcan. This may mean looking for any good at all that
the plane hit the building." Do not squelch, limit, orcan result, such as our country is now more unified. Or,
negatively react to any verbalizations of fear, anxietythe closure may be more spiritual or just the
or stress. Instead, emphasize the normalcy of thatacceptance that time brings. Stress that time normally
reaction.eases most pain.
Concrete action is important for these youngsters who7. ACCEPTANCE: Troubled kids often act in ways
do not always grasp abstract concepts. Have the childthat are problematic. Accept deterioration without
collect donations for the Red Cross, help packblaming. Since the crisis began, you may have noticed
blankets to send to New York shelters, or other similarthat you've had difficulty remembering where you put
activities. Action can teach these children that sadyour car keys, or maybe you've had trouble
things happen, but rather than wallow or dwell, we canconcentrating at work. This is normal. If I criticize you
use our sadness to make the bad situation just a littlefor losing your car keys, that just exacerbates your
bit better. That is a valuable lifelong skill for coping.situation, doesn't it? Kids can evidence their distress in
2. Children in Stresssimilar or more dramatic ways. Don't give them
Children who are already faced troubling times, mayadditional burdens to bear by downgrading them for
have special difficulty when the world becomestheir deterioration. It doesn't mean that you accept or
turbulent. These children include kids in crisis, childrenpermit behavior problems, but that you take into
with mental health problems, drug-affected youth, kidsconsideration the context as you determine your
from troubled homes, abused kids and others.reaction.
As these children face an array of problems, there is